Topic:Interventions to reduce exposure to risk factors for chronic lower respiratory disease
Subject:Other
Volume: 2 pages
Type: Essay
Description
Paper #3: Interventions
Guidelines and Grading Rubric
Paper #3 focuses on identifying interventions aimed at reducing exposure to risk factors for chronic lower respiratory disease at specific levels of the Social Ecological Model.
In these guidelines, we provide background information on chronic lower respiratory disease and identify risk factors at the top 3 levels of the Social Ecological Model: organizations, community environment, and society/public policy.
The Assignment
You are to write a 2- to 3-page paper that describes 3 interventions to reduce exposure to risk factors for chronic lower respiratory disease, 1 at each of the top 3 levels of the Social Ecological Model. In your paper, you must explain how these interventions act to reduce exposure to the risk factors we have identified for you.
Please use these subheadings to organize your paper.
1. Introduction: Briefly discuss the burden to public health of chronic lower respiratory disease and explain why it is significant to public health. You may write about the United States or another country.
a. What is the incidence and prevalence of the condition in the population? (1-2 sentences)
b. What is the burden of disease (e.g., the cost of treatment or the number of days of work lost)? (1-2 sentences)
c. Who is most affected by this condition? (1-2 sentences)
d. Specify the country and population in which you propose to investigate interventions. Why have you chosen this country and this group? (2-3 sentences)
e. Be sure to cite the sources of all information you present. Every fact you present should be followed by a citation (not just a citation at the end of the paragraph). See information on potential sources for your paper below.
2. Risk Factors: Identify 1 risk factor from the table below for each of the following levels of the Social Ecological Model: organizations, community environment, and society/public policy. Explain how each risk factor you chose contributes to chronic lower respiratory disease and why you chose to focus on it.
3. Interventions: For each of the 3 risk factors you selected (1 at each of the top 3 levels of the Social Ecological Model), find and describe 1 intervention designed to address the relevant risk factor. You should describe interventions that have been proposed or tried in the “real-world.” As such, you should ensure that you have credible sources that describe relevant interventions that you can present and cite. You may propose refinements to the interventions to address your population of interest or to improve upon the intervention design, as needed.
You should explain the following:
a. What is the goal of the intervention?
b. What specific actions does the intervention include?
c. Who implemented or will implement the intervention?
d. Who was or will be targeted?
e. How was or will the intervention be evaluated? That is, what changes would you expect to see, if the intervention met or meets its goals?
f. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention?
For each intervention, you are required to present research from credible sources (e.g., journal articles, legitimate sources of health-related information online) that support the proposed intervention approach.
4. Conclusion:
a. What recommendations would you make about how we can reduce the prevalence of this health condition. Based on what you have learned, what action or actions would you like public health practitioners to take?
b. How has your perspective on this topic changed? In responding to this question, please think about how using the Social Ecological Model has influenced your perceptions.
5. References: Include a reference list that identifies all articles and sources cited in the text of your paper. These sources should be cited in the text and included in a reference section: both are required.
You must use the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA) for in-text citations and references. Guidelines are available through Owl Purdue at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/. The writing center also provides workshops and consultation on citation format. If in doubt, ask!
If you are unsure that your paper uploaded correctly, please contact the OIT Helpdesk or 24/7 Canvas support right away for assistance:
You are responsible for ensuring that we receive your paper on time, so follow up by email if you do not here from us that we received your paper.
Format: 2-3 pages, double-spaced, 1 inch margins all around, Times New Roman 12-point font, indent the first line of each paragraph, do not put a blank line between paragraphs, and include page numbers in the top right hand corner of your paper. Please use the spelling and grammar features of your word processing software.
Do not include a title page. Instead, place a heading at the top left hand side of the first page of your paper (see example below). This heading is single-spaced. Give your paper a title, centered, above the text of your paper.
Paper #3 Grading Rubric
Criteria Points Possible
Introduction
• Briefly introduce the health condition and explain why it is significant to public health. (1 point)
• What is the incidence and prevalence of the condition in the country and population of interest? (1 point)
• Who is most affected? (1 point)
• Specify the country and population in which you propose to investigate interventions. Why have you chosen this group and country? (1 point)
• Sources are cited for all information presented. (1 point) 5
Risk Factors
• From the table below, select 1 risk factor at each of the following levels of the Social Ecological Model: organizations, community environment, and society/public policy 3
Interventions
For each of the following levels of the Social Ecological Model: organizations, community environment, and society/public policy, from a credible source, find and describe 1 intervention that has addressed or is being proposed to address your selected risk factor in your targeted population. You should explain:
• What is the goal of the intervention?
• What specific actions does the intervention include?
• Who implemented or will implement the intervention?
• Who was or will be targeted?
• How was or will the intervention be evaluated? That is, what changes would you expect to see, if the intervention met or meets its goals?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention?
For each intervention, present research from credible sources (e.g., journal articles, legitimate sources of health-related information online) for the intervention (3 points, 1 point for a citation for each intervention). 21
(6 for each intervention; 1 points for a citation for each intervention)
Conclusion
1. Summarize your recommendations to improve the outcomes for this health condition. Based on what you have learned, what action or actions would you like public health practitioners to make? (2 points)
2. Include your reflection of how your perspective on this topic may have changed as you wrote this paper. (1 point) 3
Formatting and Writing
1. Follows guidelines for format and has minimal spelling and grammatical errors (1 point)
2. References cited correctly in text and reference list (1 point)
3. Paper is clearly written (1 point) 3
TOTAL POINTS 35
Background Information on Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease
Chronic lower respiratory diseases include asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, and occupational lung diseases (e.g., asbestosis, mesothelioma, and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis). Each of these conditions involves damage to the lungs and major airways, making it difficult to breathe and obtain sufficient oxygen in the blood to complete activities of daily living. In their more advanced stages, these diseases can be deadly.
These are noncommunicable diseases – they are not infections from bacteria, viruses or parasites and cannot be spread from one person to another. However, populations may share exposure to risk factors, creating groups with different incidence and prevalence rates. Treatment for these conditions generally consists of managing symptoms to prolong life and maintain respiratory function as long as possible. Tobacco use, in the form of smoking is a major individual-level risk factor for chronic lower respiratory diseases. (See https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/ChronicRespiratoryDisease.html for more information)
Table 1. Risk Factors for Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease
Level of the Social Ecological Model Risk Factors
Organizations Workplace toxins
Work-related Gender Roles
Available health services
Indoor air pollution
Community Environment Second hand smoke
Outdoor air pollution
Residential proximity to industry
Biomass smoke
Society/Public Policy Regulation of workplace exposures
Regulation of smoking
Housing policy
Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation)
Access to health care
Residential segregation
Gender roles
Identification of Credible Sources
For this paper, use only credible sources. Wikipedia and newspaper and popular magazine articles are not considered credible sources of information. However, sources such as peer-reviewed research articles listed in a Wikipedia entry or reported in a newspaper article may be valuable sources. You should look up the original source to use in writing your paper and cite it.
Credible sources of information in public health include government reports, peer-reviewed journal articles and books, and reports and papers published by or posted on the websites of reputable health-related organizations such as the Kaiser Family Foundation or Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) is one the most comprehensive sources of reliable information on health conditions and risk factors. Do not use websites of source that do not fit these criteria.
If you have a question about whether a source you have found is reliable, please ask a reference librarian or a member of the teaching team.
