Topic:Guantanamo bay Detention
Subject:Homeland security
Volume: 8 pages
Format: MLA
Desciption
Write about the Guantanamo bay Detention, the laws, the treatment of detainees.
PERIODIC REVIEW
The USG is considering a periodic administrative review regime for GTMO detainees to determine whether lawfully held detainees constitute a significant threat to security requiring their continued detention:
• Relies on the AUMF for authority
• Applies to all “Law of War detainees” and those designated for prosecution who do not yet have charges brought against them – ONLY to GTMO population
• Detainees designated for transfer or conditional detention may petition for review by the GTMO Transfer Working Group
• Bifurcated adversarial review process features an initial full board review (based on a more robust ARB) and an interagency review (based on the GTMO Review Task Force)
• Initial full board review within one year of habeas or signing of order; File reviews every year; Subsequent full board review every three years; Principals review every six years
• Detainees provided a government representative and allowed outside counsel for the full board reviews
• Burden of proof on government – preponderance standard
• Proceedings open to the public to the extent practicable, consistent with classification and national security concerns
SUPPORT FOR SEGREGATION OF CONVICTED DETAINEES
The Geneva Conventions and US policy and regulations support segregating convicted detainees serving sentences from the regular detainee population:
• GCIII uses “internment” to describe regular law of war detention; GCIII uses “confinement” to describe punitive or pre-trial detention.
• GCIII, Art 87: “Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
• GCIII, Art 89: “The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following: (4) Confinement.”
• GCIII, Art. 97: “Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.” Pictet Commentary: “There is nothing, however, against transferring an offender from one camp to another, provided that the latter is a regular prisoner-of-war camp, offering all the guarantees laid down by the Convention.”
• GCIII, Art 108: “Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.”
• FM 27-10 (2005) – Army Field Manual: Three categories of detainees: suspects, convicts, and security threats (p. 266).
• FM 27-10 (2005) – Army Field Manual: Deprivation of liberty – pre/post-trial imprisonment as distinct from detention, internment (p. 262).
ICRC STUDY ON LAW APPLICABLE TO NIACS
• USG currently reviewing the study – plan to respond shortly (State Dept)
• Law governing NIACs intentionally limited – CA3, APII, custom
• ICRC study represents aspirational policy goals for humanitarian protections during NIACs; not a lot of legal work or analysis in the study
Terrorists who do things like place bombs in civilian hospitals are evil. When possible, we have no choice but to annihilate them. When necessary, we must be able to detain and question them. But we must be clear: Terrorists are not merely criminals. They are unlawful enemy combatants. And when captured overseas, they should be treated like the terrorists they are.
In the past, we have foolishly released hundreds and hundreds of dangerous terrorists, only to meet them again on the battlefield — including the ISIS leader, al-Baghdadi, who we captured, who we had, who we released.
So today, I am keeping another promise. I just signed while walking in an order directing Secretary Mattis, who is doing a great job, thank you, to reexamine our military detention policy and to keep open the detention facilities in Guantánamo Bay.
I am asking Congress to ensure that, in the fight against ISIS and al-Qaeda, we continue to have all necessary power to detain terrorists — wherever we chase them down, wherever we find them,. And in many cases for them it will be Guantanamo Bay.
Presidential Executive Order
on Protecting America Through Lawful Detention of Terrorists
Issued on: January 30, 2018
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Findings.
(a) Consistent with long-standing law of war principles and applicable law, the United States may detain certain persons captured in connection with an armed conflict for the duration of the conflict.
(b) Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) and other authorities authorized the United States to detain certain persons who were a part of or substantially supported al-Qa’ida, the Taliban, or associated forces engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners. Today, the United States remains engaged in an armed conflict with al‑Qa’ida, the Taliban, and associated forces, including with the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.
(c) The detention operations at the U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay are legal, safe, humane, and conducted consistent with United States and international law.
(d) Those operations are continuing given that a number of the remaining individuals at the detention facility are being prosecuted in military commissions, while others must be detained to protect against continuing, significant threats to the security of the United States, as determined by periodic reviews.
(e) Given that some of the current detainee population represent the most difficult and dangerous cases from among those historically detained at the facility, there is significant reason for concern regarding their reengagement in hostilities should they have the opportunity.
Sec. 2. Status of Detention Facilities at U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay.
(a) Section 3 of Executive Order 13492 of January 22, 2009 (Review and Disposition of Individuals Detained at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base and Closure of Detention Facilities), ordering the closure of detention facilities at U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay, is hereby revoked.
(b) Detention operations at U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay shall continue to be conducted consistent with all applicable United States and international law, including the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005.
(c) In addition, the United States may transport additional detainees to U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay when lawful and necessary to protect the Nation.
(d) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of any other appropriate executive departments and agencies as determined by the Secretary of Defense, recommend policies to the President regarding the disposition of individuals captured in connection with an armed conflict, including policies governing transfer of individuals to U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay.
(e) Unless charged in or subject to a judgment of conviction by a military commission, any detainees transferred to U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay after the date of this order shall be subject to the procedures for periodic review established in Executive Order 13567 of March 7, 2011 (Periodic Review of Individuals Detained at Guantánamo Bay Naval Station Pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force), to determine whether continued law of war detention is necessary to protect against a significant threat to the security of the United States.
Sec. 3. Rules of Construction.
(a) Nothing in this order shall prevent the Secretary of Defense from transferring any individual away from the U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay when appropriate, including to effectuate an order affecting the disposition of that individual issued by a court or competent tribunal of the United States having lawful jurisdiction.
(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to affect existing law or authorities relating to the detention of United States citizens, lawful permanent residents of the United States, or any persons who are captured or arrested in the United States.
(c) Nothing in this order shall prevent the Attorney General from, as appropriate, investigating, detaining, and prosecuting a terrorist subject to the criminal laws and jurisdiction of the United States.
Sec. 4. General Provisions.
(a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head
thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
